Processors & Compute
What is MPU?
Microprocessor
A microprocessor (MPU) is a processor that relies on external memory and typically runs a full OS like Linux, for devices needing rich UIs or networking.
The line is blurring, but the rule of thumb holds: reach for an MPU when you need Linux, a display stack, or significant processing; otherwise an MCU is cheaper and lower power.
How an MPU differs from an MCU
A microprocessor unit (MPU) has one or more application-class CPU cores (for example Arm Cortex-A) with a memory-management unit, but relies on external DRAM and flash. That lets it run a full operating system such as embedded Linux or Android. An MCU integrates its memory on-chip and runs bare-metal code or an RTOS.
When to use an MPU
Use an MPU for products that need a graphical touchscreen UI, video, complex networking stacks, containerised applications or on-device AI models too large for an MCU. Examples are industrial HMIs, gateways, medical displays and smart cameras. Expect higher power, a more complex board (DDR routing, a PMIC, more layers) and longer boot times than an MCU design.
MPU vs SoM
Many teams avoid designing the high-speed MPU and DDR section themselves by using a system-on-module (SoM) that already carries the MPU, memory and power, then designing a simpler carrier board around it.
MPU FAQ
- What does MPU stand for in electronics?
- In electronics MPU usually means microprocessor unit, a processor that runs a full OS with external memory. In MCU datasheets MPU can also mean memory protection unit, a hardware block that isolates memory regions.
- Is a Raspberry Pi an MPU?
- The Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer built around a Broadcom SoC with Arm Cortex-A application cores, so it falls on the MPU side.